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Important Tribles Santhal Oraon Mundas Hos |
The soul of Indian Nationality is based on different social elements. Tribes of Jharkhand are one of the special elements among them. • The recognition of Jharkhand is a result of the cultural specialty and diversity of the tribes. . • Jharkhand has been the abode of tribes since ancient times. • The description of different tribes of Jharkhand is found in the Hindu scripture. • There are 32 different types of tribes found in Jharkhand, which are scheduled by the President, in Article 342 of the Constitution. • According to the 2001 census, the total population of the tribes is 70,87,068. It is 26.3 % of the total population of Jharkhand. • The ST Population during 1991 - 2001 has increased by 17.25 which is a higher growth as compared to previous decades. • Tribes of Jharkhand are called the "proto-austroloid" race. • Griyarsan has divided the tribal languages of Jharkhand into two groups, Austric (Munda) and Dravidian. • Most of the tribal languages are born from the 'Austric' group. Only "Kurukh" language of the Oraon tribe and "Malto" language of the "Sauria Paharia" tribe are born of the Dravidian group. • 23 tribes of Jharkhand come in the group of important tribes and 9 tribes; viz., (Birhor, Korva, Asur, Parhiya, Virajia, Souria Paharia, Mal Paharia, Sabar and Hil Kharia) come in the category of Aboriginals. • There is a similarity between the tribes of Jharkhand and the Beddas of Sri Lanka and the original inhabitants of Australia. • All tribes of Jharkhand have their own religious rituals, social customs, conventions, family, clan, birth, death beliefs etc. • Tribal society of Jharkhand is patriarchal (male dominated). • Except Souria, all the other 31 tribes of Jharkhand are divided into different clans (Gotra). • 94 % ofthe tribal population lives in the rural area. Only 6 % reside in towns. • Ranchi, Hazaribagh, Dhanbad, Singhbhum, Latehar and Santhal Paraganas are scheduled tribe dominated districts. • Taking into consideration the population of main tribes of Jharkhand, 'Santhal' comes first, 'Oraon' second, 'Munda' third and `Ho' holds the fourth position. It is the second important tribe of Jharkhand.It is a tribe of 'Proto-Austroloid' race. Munda: : It is the third largest tribe of Jharkhand is "Munda". Their main God is "Singbonga".The main festivals of this tribe are "Sarhul", "Karma", "Sohrai", "Buru", "Maghe", "Phagu" and "Jatra". Ho: Population wise, it is the fourth largest important tribe of Jharkhand. This tribe is mainly found in the "Kolhan Area" of the Singhbhum district. Kharwar : They mainly reside in the Palamau Division. They are a brave and valliant tribe. Khariya : It is an "Aadim Kolariyan" tribe. This tribe is mainly divided into three branches viz. - Pahari Khariya, Dudh Khariya and Dhelki Khariya Bhumij : This tribe is found in the Ranchi, Dhanbad and Singhhum districts. They are called "Sardar" in Dhanbad. Lohara: Their main reside in Ranchi, Gumla, Simdega, East and West Singhbhum districts Gond: This tribe is a branch of "Dravid". The people of this tribe reside mainly in Ranchi, Pa lam.ru and Singhbhum area. They are mainly divided into two parts. Mahali: This tribe resides mainly in Ranchi, Gumla, Lohardaga, Hararibagh and Dhanbad districts. Mal Pahariya : of ie Santhal Paraganas Soriya Pahariya : This tribe resides in the hills of Rajmahal, Pakur and Godda districts. Until the British rule, this tribe did not give up its freedom, either to the Mughal or the Maratha Empire. Kora: This tribe mainly resides in the Dumka district of the Santhal Paraganas. According to Risley, Kora tribe is of Dravidian origin Parhiya : This tribe resides in the Palamau, Latehar, Ranchi and Hazaribagh districts. In this tribe, priority is given to the progeny (heredity) of mother. Main occupation is to make baskets and beat drums Korwa : This tribe mainly resides in the Latehar (Palamau Division). It is related to the Koleriyan tribe. Binhiya : This tribe mainly resides in Ranchi and Simdega districts. They call themselves "Vindhyawasi Asur: It is an important tribe of Singhbhum district. This tribe belongs to the proto-Austroloid race. They speak "Maley" or Asuri language of the munda class and Asur language Sabar : This tribe lives in Ranchi, Singhbhum and Hazaribagh districts. Main occupation of this tribe is agriculture and labour. Gorait : The Goraits are proto-Austroloids. Linguistically they belong to Austral Group which is locally known a Munda. Birhor : This tribe consists of wanderers who mainly reside in the Chotanagpur plateau. Their abode is generally called "Tada". Karmali: This tribe is mainly found in the Ranchi, Singhbhum and Hazaribagh.district. The language they speak is Sadani. E Baiga : This tribe resides in Ranchi, Singhbhum d Hazaribagh districts. They are very knowledgeable about medical plants. Kol : Central government recognized it as the 32nd tribe. This tribe mainly resides in Giridih, Deoghar and Dumka districts. Kawar: This tribe was recognized by the Indian government, as the 31st tribe, on 8th of January, 2003. |
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