DHAL REVOLT (1767 – 77) • The British first made their entry into Jharkhand from Singhbhum Manbhum. • The first revolt against the British commenced in this area. • Soon after the entry of the British into Singhbhum in 1767 there was a • tremendous revolt under the leadership of the sacked king, Jagannath Dhal. • That is known as the 'Dhal Revolt'. • Dhal Revolt continued for 10 years. • The British Company sent Lt. Rook and Charles Mogan to suppress the • revolt but they were unsuccessful. • This revolt was appeased in 1777 when the British Company accepted • Jagannath Dhal as the King of Dhalbhum. • In return for being made the King, Jagannath Dhal agreed to pay the British Company an amount of Rs. 2000/-, 3000/- and 4000/- annually for 3 years respectively, as tax. In 1800, this amount was increased to Rs.4267/-. RAMGARH REVOLT : • The British faced maximum opposition from Ramgarh state in the Hazaribagh area. • The king of Ramgarh Mukund Singh, opposed the British from the beginning to the end. • On 25th October 1772, Ramgarh was attacked from two sides. Captain Jacob, Chamak and was attacked from the Chotanagpur Khas side (main side) and Tej Singh attacked from the other side. • The troops of both the attacking sides reached Ramgarh on 27th-28th October. Due to his weak position, the King of Ramgarh, `Mukund Singh' had to flee. • In 1774, Tej Singh was declared the King of Ramgarh. • After removal of Mukund Singh and coronation of Tej Singh also the situation did not improved.Besides, Mukund Singh, his many relatives also wanted back their lost powers. • In Sept. 1774, Tej Singh expired. His successor Parasnath Singh was his son. • Mukund Singh along with his supporters was planning an attack on Parasnath Singh but remained unsuccessful due to the British. • On 18th March 1778, the British troops captured Mukund Singh along with his queen and close relatives in Palamau. • There was total unrest in Ramgarh till the end of 1778. • The King of Ramgarh, Parasnath was unable to give the revenue amount • of Rs.71, 000 per year. Despite this, the collector increased the amount to • Rs.8 1, 000 per year. This situation prevailed till 1790. • Rebels under the leadership of Thakur Raghunath Singh were bent on revolt. Raghunath Singh usurped four paraganas and drove away grantees appointed by Parasnath Singh. • Captain Akerman's battalion had to be summoned in order to suppress the revolt. Lt. Daniel. Raghunath Singh was sent to Chatgawn.
• Due to an abnormal raise in taxes by the British Company and increasing British influence, King of Ramgarh, Parasnath started looking for ways to free himself from the clutches of the British. • In 1781, he extended co-operation to the rebel King of Banaras, Chet Singh. • To strengthen his position, the King started to save some money to strengthen his army. • By the end of 1781 A.D., the revolt was widespread in Ramgarh. Seeing the pace of the revolt, the collector requested for military help to bring the situation under control. • By 1782 A.D., several areas of Ramgarh were deserted and tax payers had fled. Seeing the horror of the situation, the Deputy Collector G. Dalaz requested the government to relieve the King of Ramgarh of the Royal tax and take measures for direct taxation. • In spite of strong opposition against the new rule, Dalaz, stopped the King from confiscating the property of the landowners by making a special arrangement with them. Thus the king of Ramgarh just became a titular head. • The Military Law in 1776 A.D. and Civil Law in 1799 A.D. further weakened the position of the King. Taking advantage of the situation, the Zamindars of Tamad made continuous attacks on the King of Ramgarh. Thus the King became totally dependent on the British. This situation prevailed from the beginning till the end of the 19th century. TILKA MOVEMENT : • Commencement 1783 - 85 • Place Santhal pargana • Leader Tilka Manjhi • Objective Protection of Adivasi autonomy and to drive the British away from this area. • Tilka Manjhi uscd to send the message of revolt by circulating the leaves of Sal tree from village to village. • Tilka Manjhi led the guerilla warfare from the mountains of Sultanganj. • Knight of British army, Augustin Cleveland was killed by the arrow of Tilka Manjhi . • In 1785, TiIka Manjhi was hanged to death from a banyan tree (Bargad) in Bhagalpur. This spot is famous as Baba Tilka Manjhi Chowk in Bhagalpur. • Tilka Manjhi was first rebellious martyr of the Indian freedom struggle. THE KOL REVOLT (1831-32) • It was the Kol rebels who made life miserable for the landlords and British Rulers in Chotanagpur. . • It was the Munda tribe's revolt in which the 'Ho’ gave whole hearted support. • The main reason for this revolt was land related unrest. • At that time, the main reason was that the Harnath Shahi, the brother of the Maharaja had snatched away land and handed it over to Dikus and Sadans. • They revolted against this step under the leadership of Sindrai and Bindrai Manki • On 11th December 1831, troops were sent to suppress the revolt, under the leadership of Captain Wilkinson. • Considering its intensity, troops were called from Ramgarh, Banaras, • Barrackpur , danapur. Only thereafter was the revolt suppressed. • As a result of this revolt, a new region called "South West Frontier Agency' was constituted. This area was declared a change resistant area. • Later, it came to our knowledge that "Manki Munda Padhati" was given financial and judicial powers. HO REVOLT • Beginning 1820 -21 • Place Singhbhum Area • Concerned Tribe Ho • Cause Exploitation by king Jagannth Singh and his support to the British . BHUMIJ REVOLT Commencement 1832-33 Place Birbhum Concerned Community Bhumij Farmers Cause Imposition of excessive revenue on the Zamindar Leader Ganga Narayan • In this revolt, Ganga Narayan, obtained the support of the 'Kol' and `HO’ tribes. • He was killed while fighting with the Thakur of Kharswan. SANTHAL REVOLT (HUL) (1855 – 56) • Among tribal revolts, Santhal Revolt was the most massive revolt. • This revolt is known by many names such as Hul Revolt, Santhal Hul etc. • Siddhu-Kanhu were the pioneers of this revolt. Their brothers, Chand and Bhairav and sisters, Jhano and Phulo also played an important role. • The repacious spirit of the money lenders was one of the main causes of unrest among the Santhal in 1855-56. • This revolt was engineered to drive away the non-Adivasis and end their rule and form their own governing body. • On 30th june 1885 , 6000 Adivasis assembled at Bhagnadih and organized a conference. • In this conference, the slogan "Our country, our rule" was declared andit was decided to openly revolt and drive away the outsiders. • In this conference, Siddhu was made the King; Kanhu the minister, Chand the administrator and Bhairo was made the Commander-in-Chief. • On 25th July 1855, a troop was sent under the leadership of General Lloyd to suppress the revolt, which had begun on the 7th of July. • On 16 - 17th Sept., under the leadership of `Muchiya Komnajela', 'Rama' and 'Sundara Manjhi', about three thousand rebels took over many police stations and villages. • Major Baro was defeated on 10th July. • This revolt, which began in the year 1855, was not limited to the Santhal Paragana but also spread over Hazaribagh, Beerbhum and the whole of Chotanagpur. • The Santhals controlled the Western districts for four months. Lubai Manjhi and Arjun Manjhi led the Santhal Revolt in Hazaribagh and in Beerbhum, it took place under the leadership of Gora Manjhi. • Maheshlal Dutt and Pratap Narayan, Sub-inspectors of Police, were mudered during the Santhal rebellion. • Sidhu and Kanhu , leaders of the movement, were hanged at Barhait while Chand and Bhairav died in a firing by the British in the battle of Maheshpur. • After the suppression of the revolt a separate 'non-regulation' district was formed which was named "Santhal Paragana". • Siddhu killed two police inspectors, Mahesh Lal and Pratap Narayan during the Santhal Revolt • Captain Alexander , Lt. Thomson and Lt. Reed played an important role in Suppressing the Santhal Revolt. • This revolt is called the first "Jankranti"(people's revolt) of the Santhal Paragna. • L.S.S.O Mooley gave Santhal Revolt the defination, of a conflict. • Karl Marx called it the first people's revolt that could not root out the British rule but succeeded in giving birth to the Safahor Movement. SAFAHORE MOVEMENT (1870 ) • Credit goes to Lal Hembrum alias Lal Baba for giving birth to this movement. • He saw that the biggest reason for the failure of Santhal rebellion was lack of religious feelings among the people and will power was needed to succeeded in the rebellion . For this strength of character was needed . So he gave the mantra of Ram – nam to the Safa Hori agitators. • He used to give a while flag and scared thread to Santhals and stopped them from eating meat and drinking alcohol. • Having been frightened , the British had banned planting Tulsi plant in houses and chanting Ramnam. • It is said that Lal Babu had formed ‘Deshoddharak Dal’ in Santhal Pargana like Azad Hind Fouz. Paika Murmu , Pagan Marandi , Bhatu Soren and Rasik Lal Soren were prominent among its leaders. KHARWAR MOVEMENT Duration 1870-74 Place Santhal Pargana kebel Tribe Kharwar Leader Bhagirath Manjhi Cause Failure of Santhal Revolt in 1857. • Bhagirath Manjhi was known as "Baba" among Adivasis. BIRSA MOVEMENT • The hero of this movement Birsa Munda is also called "Dharti AABA" and "Birsa Bhagwan" • He was born on_15th Nov. 1875 at Ulihatu village. • This movement is also known as'Ulgulan'. • This movement was motivated by political, religious and social objectives and considering the outcome, was the most effective and famous movement against the British rule. • This revolt was primarily against the exploitation of the Mtandas, by ending the collective farming (Khutkati) practiced by them and forcing them to sit idle. • It commenced in 1895. • In 1895, Birsa Munda declared himself as a messenger of God. • Birsa planned the arm rebellion but he was imprisoned on 24 Aowg., 1895 (by Mayors) and freed on 30 Nov., 1897 (on the occasion of Diamond Jubilee of the Queen of Britain). • In 1899, on the eve of Christmas, Birsa declared a revolt, in order to establish the rule of Munda Community. • On 25th Dec., 1899 he led the movement in Khunti, Ranchi, Tamar, Basia, Chakkardharpur etc. • He deputed Donka Munda as the Political Chief and Soma Munda as the chief religious and social functionaries. • Gaya Munda was his main follower. BIRSA MOVEMENT AT A GLANCE Duration 1895 -1900 Place Chotanagpur Rebellious Tribe Munda Tribe Leader . Birsa Munda Cause Exploitation of Adivasis by Government administration, Dikus and land- lords BIRSA MUNDA : INTRODUCTION Birth I5Nov., 1875(Ulihatu) Father Sugana Munda Mother Kadami Munda Teacher Anand Pandey Death 9 June 1900 (of Cholera Jail)
TANA BHAGAT MOVEMENT • This movement commenced in 1914. Jatra Bhagat was the protagonist of this movement. He instructed people to abstain from alchohol, eating meat, Adivasi dances and advocated the restoration of cultivation. • This revolt was extended in Mandar areas by Shibu Bhagat. • The leader of this revolt in Ghaghra region was Balram, Bhagat. • The woman named Devmaniya was associated with this revolt. • The Founder of Vishnu Bhagat sect was Bhiku Bhagat. • This movement can be called an extension of the Birsa movement. • Non-violence had been accepted as an unfailing weapon of struggle in the movement. • In the third phase of this movement Tana Bhagats took part in the national movement under the leadership of Mahatama Gandhi. • In 1921, Tana Bhagats participated in Mahatma Gandhi's Non-co-operation Movement, under the leadership of Siddhu Bhagat. • Tana Bhagats Participated in the Gaya and Nagpur Conference of Congress In 1922 and 1923. • Tana Bhagats presented a bag of 400 rupees to Mahatma Gandhi in the Ramgarh conference in 1940. TANA BHAGATS : SHORT INTRODUCTION Birth 1888 Place Chingri Nawatoli, Bishnupur , Gumla Father Kohra Bhagat Mother Livari Bhagat Wife Budhani Bhagat TANA BHAGAT MOVEMENT AT A GLANCE Commencement 1914 Place Chotanagpur Rebel Tribe Uraon Bhagat ( Priest Class) Leader Jatra Bhagat Cause Exploitation IMPORTANT TRIBAL MOVEMENTS Movement Time Place Leader Pahariaya Movement 1772-1782 Santhal paragana Rani Sarweshwari Tamar revolt 1782-1820 Tamar Thakur Bholanath Singh Tilka moVement 1783-1785 Santhal Paragana Tilka Manjhi Chuar revolt 1769-1805 Barabhum Different Chuar and paik Sardar Chero Movement 1800-1818 Palamau Bhukhan Singh Kol Revolt 1820 Chotanagpur Rugudev and Konta Munda Ho Revolt 1820-1821 Kolhan Poto Sardar Kol Revolt 1831-1832 Chotanagpur Sindrai Manki and Bindarai Revolt of Budhu 1832 Chotanagpur Budhu Bhagat Bhumij Revolt 1832-33 Manbhum Ganga Narayan Santhal (Hut revolt) 1855-56 Santhal Paragana Siddhu-Kanhu Sardari Movement 1859-1881 Chotanagpur Different Munda Sardars Kharwar Movement 1870-74 Santhal Paragana Bhagirath Manjhi Birsa Munda Movement 1895-1900 Ranchi Birsa Munda Tana Bhagat Movement 1914 Ranchi Jatra Oraon |
| IMPORTANT TRIBAL REVOLT |
| Site Developed and Maintained By Infiniti Inc in Association with Brain Works, Singapore. |