• Jharkhand was part of the combined Bengal before 1912.Therefore the revolutionary movement in Bengal had a deep impact on this region. • Ranchi was one of the important centres of the revolutionaries led by Ganesh Chandra Ghosh. • Nirmal Chandra Banerjee had got a leaflet with the title "Our Independent India" pasted on a pillar in Giridih in 1913. These leaflets were brought to Giridih by Jeevan Christo Roy son of Indrabhushan Roy of 24 Paraganas • Some students of St. Columba's College had joined the revolutionaries Student Ram Vinod Singh was given the title "Jatin Bagha". He was arrested on 14 December 1918. • Deoghar was a prominent centre of the revolutionaries. • An organization named "Swarna Sangh" was established in Deoghar whose objective was to spread revolutionary activities. Barindra Kumar Ghosh was one of the important members of this organization. • A house named "Sheeler Badi" in Deoghar was being used to make bombs and train the activists. Ingredients for making bombs were found in this house in 1915. NON-COOPERATION MOVEMENT IN JHARKHAND • Mahatma Gandhi started non-violent Non-co-operation Movement in the course of the freedom struggle of the country in 1920. • Like other parts of the country, non-co-operation movement took place extensively in the entire Jharkhand also. • Congress Committee was constituted in Ranchi in 1920. • Gulab Tiwari led the protest movement against Roulette Act and Jalianwalabag genocide. • 15th conference of Bihar Students Conference was held on 10th October 1920 in Daltonganj under the chairmanship of C.F.Andrews. It was decided in this conference to boycott schools and colleges and intensify the non-co-operation movement. • Majharul Haque, Chandravanshi Sahay, Krishna Prasann Sen, Abdul Bari, G.Imam and Hasar Arju were prominent among the leaders who participated in this conference. • In accordance with the decision of Palamau Conference, National Schools were established in Daltonganj and Bir.deswari Pathak was made its Headmaster. • National Schools were started in Ranchi, Chatra, Giridih, Jharia, and Lohardaga of Jharkhand. • 16th conference of Bihar Students Conference was held on 6th October 1921 at Hazaribagh. This conference was chaired by Mrs. Sarala Devi. • Most important among the leaders of non co-operation in Giridih was Babu Bajrang Sahay. • This movement intensified in Jharhhand in 1921. • Dr. Rajendra Prasad , Motilal Nehru , Majharul Haque, Swami Viswanand, Pt. Harishankar Vyas and others toured many places in Jharkhand and addressed mass meeting there. • Sahebganj was declared a disturbed area in January 1922. • National movement spread extensively in Jharkhand during Non Co-operation Movement. • Tana Bhagats of Jharkhand had played an important role in the Non Co-operation movement. They had stopped paying taxes to the government. • After the Chauri -Chaura incident on 12th February 1922, Non-co-operation Movement was withdrawn. CIVIL DISOBEDIENCE MOVEMENT IN JHARKHAND • Civil Disobedience Movement's resolution was passed in December 1929 in the Lahore conference of Congress under the chairmanship of Jawaharlal Nehru. In the light of the resolution for Total Independence passed in this conference, it was decided to observe 26th January as the Independence Day. • Independence Day was enthusiastically celebrated in Jharkhand on 26th January 1930. A large number of tribals too participated in this programme. • Tarun Sangh of Ranchi organized this function successfully. • Krishna Ballabh Sahay unfurled the flag in Court in Hazaribagh. • On 6th April 1930, Mahatma Gandhi initiated the Salt movement which made deep impact on the people of Jharkhand. People of Jharkhand actively participated in violating the salt law. About 200 people made salt in 50 places on 13th April 1930. • Krishna Ballabh Sahay challenged the salt law by making salt near Khazanchi Sank in Hazaribagh. • Sonar Singh Khervar and Chandrika Prasad Verma led the salt Satyagraha in Palamau. • Nani Gopal Mukherjee led the Salt movement in Jamshedpur. • Women broke the salt law under the leadership of Shailbala Roy in Santhal Paragana. • Jharkhand’s Mohan Mahato, Sahdev Mahato, Ganesh Mahato and Gokul Mahato also actively participated in the salt movement. • Santhals played a major role in Civil Disobedience Movement. They were led In Gomia PS by Bangam Mane of Borogera village. • Swadeshi week was observed in Ranchi in September 1930. • Jawahar week was observed in all places on 16th November 1930. • Ramvriksha Benipuri and Mahamaya Prasad Sinha & Bhawani Dayal Sanyasi had brought out magazines named "Kaidi" and "Karagar" respectively from Hazaribagh during the Civil Disobedience Movement. LABOUR MOVEMENT • Jamshedpur Workers Association was established in 1920 under the leadership of S.N.Haldhar and Byomkesh Chakraborty,. • Strikes had taken place in 1920-22, 1925 and 1928 in Tata Iron & Steel Company and some other mills. • Subhash Chandra Bose had played an important role in ending the strike of 1928 and arriving at an agreement in Jamshedpur. • Conference of All India Trade Union Congress was held in Jharia in 1929 in which Jawaharlal Nehru was elected as its president. RAMGARH CONFERENCE OF CONGRESS • 53rd conference of Congress was held on 19-20 March 1940 at Ramgarh in the district of Hazaribagh under the chairmanship of Maulana Abul Kalam Azad. • Gandhi inaugurated Khadi and Village industry at Ramgarh on 14th March. • Meeting of the Congress Executive Committee was held on 15-18 March 1940 at Ramgarh. • Subject Selection Committee meeting of Congress was held on 17th, 18th and 19th March. On the first day of the meeting, Dr. Rajendra Prasad moved the main resolution on India and World Crisis which was seconded by Pt.Jawaharlal Nehru. 53RD CONFERENCE OF CONGRESS : AT A GLANCE Venue Ramgarh Date 19-20 March, 1940 Chaired by Maulana Abul Kalam Azad Chairman of reception committee Dr.Rajendra Prasad Vice Chairman of Reception Committee Sri Krishna Singh, Dr. Saiyad Mehmood General Secretary , Reception Committee Sri Anugrah Narayan Singh Propaganda officer ,Reception Committee Sri Gyanchand Sondhi Officer Reception Committee Sri Ambicakant Singh Chief Lady Volunteers Srimati Sarala Devi, Kumari Prema Kantak Kumari Indramati Junaj, Kumari Tara Patavardh, Srimati Bhyojo Bhatvarekar. • The only resolution of congress, passed in this conference, was moved by Pt. Jawahar Lal Nehru. This was on Satyagraha. It was supported by Acharya J.B.Kripalani • During the Ramgarh conference, an Anti- Agreement All India Conference Was organized under the chairmanship of Subhash Chandra Bose. Sahajanand Saraswati was the chairman of the Reception Committee of the conference. • Main gate of the Ramgarh Congress Conference was named after Birsa Munda. QUIT INDIA MOVEMENT IN JHARKHAND • Congress called for Quit India Movement in August 1942. Jharkhand played decisive role in this movement. • Immediately after the Quit India Resolution was passed on 8th August, most of the leaders of Congress were arrested. • There was strike in Ranchi on 9th August and in Jamshedpur on 10th August. • Two prominent leaders Ramnarayan Singh and Sukhlal Singh of Hazaribagh were arrested on 9th August . • The movement began on l lth August in Hazaribagh. A procession was brought out under the leadership of Saraswati Devi. She was arrested the same day, • The movement began on 11th August in Palamau with a procession. • With the inspiration of Japla Majdoor Sangh's secretary Mithilesh Kumar Sinha, workers of Japla Cement Factory struck work. • A procession was brought out in Deoghar under the leadership of Pt. Binodanand Jha on l lth August. • Parallel government was formed in Sarvan of Deoghar sub-division. • National flag was unfurled on Godda court on 13th August. • Union Jack was removed and national flag was unfurled on the office of Hazaribagh Dy. Commissioner on 14th August. • Students of Nadia High School, Lohardaga, unfurled national flag on the schools building. • Prafulla Chandra Patnaik was the biggest headache for the British rulers in Santhal Pargana. Sri Patnaik was directing the movement among the Paharias.Dangpara was the headquarters of his movement. • The British announced a reward of Rs 200 for helping in the arrest of Prafull Chandra Patnayak and his active comrades. • The agitators attacked Manbazaar police station on 30th September, Chunaram Mahato and Girishlal Mahato died in police firing and Govind Mehto and Hem Mahato were injured. • The police jawans revolted in Jamshedpur under the leadership of Ramanand Tiwary and they were arrested and sent to Hazaribagh jail. • Tana Bhagats of Chainpur and Bishunpur burned down the Bishunpur police station on 18th August 1942. • An infuriated crowd attacked the Katras railway station on 16th August 1942. • A big procession was taken out in Ranchi on 17th August 1942 which was dispersed by the police. • On 9th November, 1942, Jaiprakash Narayan escaped from Hazaribagh central jail along with his five comrades, Ramanand Mishra, Yogendra Shukla, Suraj Narayan Singh, Gulabi Sonar, and Shaligram Singh. |
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