• Jharkhand is mainly an agricultural state. 75 % of the population is dependent on agriculture.
    • Cultivated land of Jharkhand is about 23 % of the total geographical area.
    •  Total cultivated land in Jharkhand is 26 %, out of which 23 % land is cultivated only once while rest   
        3% more than once.
    • Jharkhand's agriculture is mainly based on monsoon.

    Harvesting Season

    There are three main crop seasons.
    •  Kharif : It is planted in the beginning of the Rainy
     Season from June to July and reaped in October -
    November. Crops mainly consist of Paddy, Maize, Pea,
    Groundnut. Millet, Mung, Urad, Kurthi, Til, Marua, Surguja, Sunflower etc.
    •  Rabi :It is planted from October to December and is reaped in March -April. Crops mainly consist of
    Wheat, Barley, Maize, Gram, Mustard and Pulses.
    • Summar (Garma) : Besides Kharif and Rabi Crops, in some areas of Jharkhand Garma Crops are
    cultivated using artificial irrigation. Paddy, Fruits and Vegetables are some of the Summer Crops.

    Important Crops:

    •  Paddy : It is the main food grain of Jharkhand. Singhbhum, Ranchi and Gumla are the largest
    producers of Paddy. Their production is equivalent to half of the total production of Jharkhand.
    •  Maize: Considering production, this crop holds the second position. Palamau is the largest
    producer of Maize. Hazaribagh, Dumka, Giridih and Sahebganj also produce Maize.
    •  Sugarcane: It is a cash crop mainly used in the sugar industry. It occupies the third position in
    production of crops in Jharkhand. It is mainly produced in Hazaribagh, Palamau, Dumka, Godda,
    Sahebganj and Giridih.
    • Wheat: It is the fourth most important crop. Palamau is the largest producer of Wheat. Hazaribagh
    and Godda hold the second and third place respec¬tively.
    •  Barley: It is the most ancient crop of India. It is cultivated in Palamu, Sahebganj, Godda, Singhbhum,
    Gumla, Lohardaga and Giridih.
    • Gram: Palamau is the largest producer of Gram in Jharkhand. Godda is the second largest producer.
    Other main producers are Sahebganj, Ranchi and Hazaribagh.
                                                                    •  Arhar : It is a pulse crop. It is second largest producing
                                                                       pulse crops next to Gram. Palamau is the largest producer
                                                                       of Arhar in Jharkhand. It is also grown in Hazaribagh,
                                                                       Ranchi, Gumla and Santhal Paragana .
                                                                    • Masoor (Lentil): It is mainly grown in Palamau and the
                                                                      Santaral Paragana areas. Besides, it is also cultivated in
                                                                       Hazaribagh, Chatra, kodcrma, and Lohardaga etc.
                                                                    •  Urad: Ranchi , Gumla , Palamau , Lohardaga and Santhal
                                                                       Paragana are the main producers of urad.
                                                                     • Kurthi : It is grown in all parts of Jharkhand . Palamau ,
                                                                       Hazaribagh , Bokaro , Giridih etc. are the
                                                                       main producers of Kurthi.
    •  Marua : This crop is reaped in a short period. It is sown in April-May and reaped in June-July. Its
       main producers are Ranchi, Hazaribagh and Giridih.
    •   Jawar : It is cultivated in a high and dry land. Hazaribagh, Ranchi, Singhbhum and Santhal
    Paraganas are the main producers of this crop.
    • Millet : It is consumed by the poor. It is also used as fodder for the cattle.Hazaribagh, Ranchi,
    Singhbhum and Santhal Paraganas are its main producers.
    •  Oil Crop : Mustard, Tisi, Kusum, Sunflower of the Kabi
    Crops and Groundnut, Til, Sarguja of the Kharif Crops are
     planted under this category in Jharkhand. Mustard occupies
     the first position in production. Tisi and Sarguja hold
    second and third positions respectively. Palamau Division is
     the largest producer of Oil Crops.



    Area And Production of                                              Area And Production of Oil Crops 2001
    Pulse Crops 2001                               

    Crops                Area                   Production                                   Crops           Area               
    Production
    (Thousand           (In thousand                                                 (Thousand       (In thousand
    Hectares)             million tonnes)                                             Hectares)       million tonnes)

    Gram                  16                        15                                        Mustard            21.42                            
    15.59
    Arhar                  16                        15                                         Tisi                    8.40                             
    3.63
    Kurthi                  11                        6.28                                     Sarguja              1.17                             
    0.52
    Masoor                 6                         4                                           Til                     0.63                             
    0.23
    Urad                     4                         2                                        Groundnut           0.15                             
    0.12
    Moong                0.05                      0.03                                     Kusum               0.12                             
    0.04
                                                                                         Sunflower          0.11                             0.08
Agriculture
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