Jharkhand is made up of two words. First is "Jhar" which means forest and the second is "Khand" which means territory. Thus, the meaning of Jharkhand is Forest Land. The first description of Jharkhand is found in the name "Pond" or "Pundru" in Aitaray Brahmans. It is called "Murund" in Vayu Puran and "Mund" in the Vishnu Puran. It is called "Pundareek Desh" (country in the world) in the conquest ceremony of the Mahabharata. It is also called "Pashu Bhumi" (Animal land) in this scripture. Talmi has addressed Jharkhand in one word i.e. "Mundal".Fa Hein has addressed Chotanagpur area as "Kukkatlad".Hueng Tsang has used the word "Ki-to-na-su-pha-la-na" to describe Chotanagpur.In the old medieval Sanskrit literature, Chotanagpur has been named "Kalind desh".The first description of Jharkhand is found in a plate of copper belonging to 13th century Jharkhand area was known as "Khukhra" or "Ku0a" in Mughal period.In the book Ain -E-Akbari, Jharkhand was called "Kokra" and "Khankarah".Jahangir, in his autobiography "Tuzuk-E-Jahangiri", has used the word "Khokhra" for this area. In the book "Akbarnama" written by Abul Fazl, Chotanagpur area has been called Jharkhand.Writers Shams-E-Shiraz Afiq, Salimulla and Gulam Husain have used the word "Jharkhand" in their books.The word "Jharkhand" is also described in the book "Padmavat" by Malik Mohammad Jayasi and also in the couplets of poet Kabir Das.Chinese traveller Yuan Cheng, Irani traveller Abdul Latif, Irani priest Mulla Bahbahani, Bishop Hebar etc. have described Chota nagpur and Rajmahal in their travelogues. Location and Boundry: Latitude: 21 °59' North to 25'l 8' 30"North. Longitude : 83°20' East Longitude to 87°57' East Longitude. Area : 79,714 Sq. Km (2.4 % of the total area of the country.)More... Land and People: Jharkhand is situated in the lap of nature, surrounded by hills and forests Jharkhand was born after separating 46 % land from the Bihar State Considering its geographical structure, climate, natural minerals, trees and plants and tribal population, More Physical Divisions: Pat Region, Plateau of Ranchi and Hazaribagh / Central Plateau, Outer Plateau /Lower Plateau , The Plains of Chaibasa and the Rajmahal Mountain Ranges More Rivers Damodar River, Swarnarekha River, Barakar River ,Sone River, North Koyal River , South Koyal River , Shank River, Ajay River , Mor OR Mayurakshi River, Guman River , Brahmani River , Bansloi , Phalgu River, Sakri River, Panchanan River. More… Climate: coming from the Bay of Bengal and the Arabian sea are the two important winds. Jharkhand has three main seasons the Summer Season - March to May ,the Rainy Season - June to October and the Winter Season- November to February More.... Soil of Jharkhand: Red Soil,.Black (Regur) Soil, Laterite Soil, Sandy Soil, Alluvium, Some Other Types of Soils, Mica Soil, Upland Grey-Yellow Soil, Metallic Soil, Soil with Multiple Features.More... Agriculture: Jharkhand is mainly an agricultural state. 75 % of the population is dependent on agriculture. Cultivated land of Jharkhand is about 23 % of the total geographical area. Total cultivated land in Jharkhand is 26 %, out of which 23 % land is cultivated only once while rest 3% more than once. Jharkhand's agriculture is mainly based on monsoon. More... Irrigation: Jharkhand's agriculture is rainfed and the monsoon is ridden with uncertainty. Therefore irrigation becomes more important here Approx 11% of the total cultivable land of Jharkhand is irrigated. 58.3% of the total irrigated land is irrigated by surface water and 41.7% by ground water. More... Forests and Wildlife Sancturies: Hazaribagh Wild Life Sanctuary,Betla National Park, Sarada - The Sal Forest, Lawalong Wild Life Sanctuary, Mahuadar Wild Life Sanctuary, Udwa Bird Sanctuary,Crocodile Breeding Centre-Muta, Koderama Sanctuary, Topchanchi Sanctuary,Types of Forests: The forests of Jharkhand can be classified into two types: Tropical zone wet forests Tropical zone dry forests.Forest Wealth: The produce obtained from forests has been included in forest wealth.The substances obtained from forests of Jharkhand can be classified into two parts. More…. Transport and Communication: Roads: Roads are an important means of transportation in Jharkhand. Roads of Jharkhand are divided into National Highways, State Highways, District Roads and Village Roads Railways: Railway line was first laid down in Jharkhand in the second half of 19th century Airways: The first airport of Jharkhand was established in 1941 at Ranchi. Ranchi is connected by air with Patna, Delhi, Mumbai and Kolkata. Jharkhand has only one big airport (Birsa Munda) at Ranchi. There are airstrips available in Jamshedpur, Medninagar. Hazaribagh, Dhanbad, Giridih, Bokaro.More.... |
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